It’s hard to think of a tougher environment in which to test the potential of mobile banking than Afghanistan. With a population of 30 million people, 36% of whom live below the government defined poverty line and 74% of whom are illiterate; Afghanistan is the poorest country in the world outside Africa. But bringing banking services to Afghanistan is exactly the challenge that Roshan, an MNO majority owned by the Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development, is taking on. We met with Zahir Khoja, Roshan’s Executive Director for M-Paisa, on a recent visit to Afghanistan to discuss the roll-out.